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Download file to see previous pages Civil rights movement seeks to protect the rights of the people in the society irrespective of their racial or social background. Civil rights movements denote group behaviour, which is a subsection of sociology. Studying civil rights movement in light of group mentality is vital since it will enable us to understand various aspects pertaining to human behaviour. The findings may provide an explanation for the violent behaviour of crowds (Olson, 1999). Civil rights movements have been extremely vibrant in America. In the 1950s, the American government was delaying legislation, which would trigger changes in racial and social discrimination in this country. Consequently, the black community realized that they had to act to ensure the government was enacting bills guaranteeing racial integration. The American administration was not keen to enact such reforms. Accordingly, black people began conducting marches, which brought to light the changes that the government should undertake. Some of the demonstrations had violent outcomes, especially in the southern states, where the white community was against any changes, which would give more freedom to Afro-Americans. Additionally, in some cities there were boycotts by members of certain communities against governmental services. The Montgomery bus boycott was a clear example of activities organized by leaders to protest against racial discrimination in the various social services provided by the government. Boycotts do not only reveal the campaigns organized by the civil rights movement but also are a prime example of group behavioural tendencies. The ability to mobilize people on such a scale reveals and focuses their efforts towards the accomplishment of a single agenda. However, in this scenario the boycotts aimed at eliminating social injustices that had been institutionalized (Ostendorf, 2011). Some of the riots were violent and led to casualties: the police or the rioters. Violent riots the members of which caused harm to others can be explained by the contagion theory, which attempts to elaborate group behavioural tendencies. The theory states that the members of such groups lose their individual identity owing to the pressure that emanates from the group settings. This makes protesters anonymous. Therefore, any unlawful act committed is not attributable to any individual. Loss of personal responsibility characterizes most group settings. This denotes that there pressure that resulted from the group structure is primarily responsible for the actions of the members, who are not acting based on individual thoughts. Groups seem to have the capability to galvanize individuals to act in a manner, which beats their individual principles. Civil movements resulted in massive changes in various sectors such employment, education and the political scenes. The government passed various right bills in 1964 and 1965. These bills aimed at availing equal employment opportunities and the ability to vote. Additionally, African-American students could attend institutions dominated by the white despite a move that most southern states resisted (Hall, 2006). The civil rights movement focused on accomplishing certain agendas. The path to accomplishing these agendas was tricky since they encountered resistance from white people who were not willing to have a socially, politically and economically integrated society. Civil rights movemen

Examples of collective behavior include: religious revival meetings (like those depicted in the documentary Marjoe), a panic in a burning theater (e.g., the Kentucky Beverly Hills Supper Club fire), a sudden widespread interest in a website (e.g., MySpace) or clothing item (e.g., WristStrong bracelets), a collective social movement to improve. Derive insights from images in the cloud or at the edge with AutoML Vision, or use pre-trained Vision API models to detect emotion, text, and more.

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• 1About
• 4Creating a new STEM Disease/Population Model Project
• 5Working with your STEM Computational Model
  • 5.4Working with Models
  • 5.5Working with Compartments
  • 5.6Working with Transitions

About

Important Note: The instructions on this page require STEM 2.0 Milestone 3 or later.

Important note: This document is about the STEM Model Creator, which was first introduced in STEM 2.0. For the previous version that was used in the Eclipse SDK, see the STEM Model Generator

The model creator supports users who want to create a new disease or population model in STEM rather than use an existing model. Setting up the basic structure for a new model can be challenging. This tutorial provides step-by-step instructions for using the STEM Model Creator to design and generate the structure of a new STEM computational (disease/population) model project. Using a simple menu driven interface a user can define a new model (disease or population model) using terminology familiar to any subject matter expert. The model creator will then auto-generate the Eclipse plugin and Java code defining the model and hot inject it into the user's run time instance of STEM.

Beginning with STEM 2.0 Milestone 3, a new visual editor is now included as part of the STEM Model Creator.

Acknowledgements

The development of the Model Creator tool was sponsored in part by the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR). Additional special thanks to Alex Falenski from BfR for assistance creating and editing this document.

Tutorial

STEM Model Generator Video Tutorial

Installation

As of STEM 2.0, this tool is now part of the STEM application. For more information on installing STEM, see the STEM Installation Guide

Creating a new STEM Disease/Population Model Project

1. Launch the STEM application
2. Open the Designer perspective
3. From the New menu, select Model Generator Project
4. Choose Create and configure a new STEM Model Package
5. Click Next

Configure the Model Package

The model package is the container for all disease models in a given Model Generator project.

Parameter Name	Data Type	Example Value
Package Name	String (Java Identifier)	Demo
Package Prefix	String (Java Package Identifier)	com.example.diseasemodels

The Package Name and Package Prefix are combined to create the resulting Eclipse plug-in/project identifier. For example, the model package with name and prefix above will generate an Eclipse plug-in/project with ID com.example.diseasemodels.demo. This plug-in, once automatically generated, will be added to your STEM runtime (while it is running). Later we will explain how you can also send this plug-in to colleagues you wish to share it with.

Add/Edit a Computational Model

Before the Model Generator can generate the project, you must add at least one computational (disease) model. To begin, click Add Model. This will launch the New Model Wizard.

To configure the model, enter values for the model's name, the model's type, and which parent model it extends and inherits parameters and compartments from. All fields are required.

Property	Type	Example	Description
Model Name	String (Java Identifier)	MySEIR	The model's name. This value will be the Java class name of the generated model. Should contain alphanumeric characters, no spaces, and cannot begin with a number.
Model Type	String from list	DiseaseModel	The underlying model type. If you're implementing a Disease Model, select DiseaseModel. A Population Model, select PopulationModel. This value is used to find appropriate parent models.
Parent model	Computational Model	SIR	The computational model this new model will extend. If you're not sure, select the textbook model that most closely resembles the compartment model you're implementing (SI, SIR, SEIR)

These are the minimum settings required for a computational model. At this point, you can click Finish to add the model. To add model parameters and compartments, you can either click Next and use this form or later edit them from the Visual Editor.

Run the Code Generator

When you've added a model to this project, you're ready to run the code generator.

From the Model Package page, click Next.

When finished, click Finish.

If no errors are found, the code generator will now run. This process may take 1-2 minutes.

After the initial Model Generation completes, your new model will open in the Visual Model Editor. You're now ready to begin defining the compartments and transitions that describe your compartment model. See the next section for more information.

Working with your STEM Computational Model

The Visual Model Editor

The STEM Visual Model Editor is a new tool that allows scientists to describe the structure - and mathematics - behind their computational model in an easy to use graphical user interface.

Getting Started With the Visual Model Editor

The Visual Model Editor is a tool for visual designing compartment models. With the Visual Editor, you can arrange the compartments in your model, draw transitions that describe the state transitions between compartments, insert the equations, and immediately run STEM simulations - without needing to restart.

The Visual Editor currently supports the following types of operations:

• Adding new disease/population models to a metamodel
• Adding, editing, and removing model parameters from a model
• Adding, editing, and removing compartments from a model
• Adding and removing compartment transitions
• Expression editor for authoring the equations that describe the state transition between two compartments, including equation assistance and data access functions for accessing denominator data
• Automatic translation of expressions into Java code, compilation, and installation into STEM - without needing to restart!

Opening a Project's Metamodel in the Model Editor

If you have just created a new model project, the Visual Model Editor should open automatically after the project is created.

To edit an existing model project, simply open the project's metamodel in the Visual Model Editor

1. Open the STEM Designer perspective
2. Navigate to the project in the Project Explorer window
3. Expand the model folder
4. Select and double click on the [projectname].metamodel file
5. The Visual Model Editor should open automatically

Working with Models

The Visual Model Editor supports multiple models in the same metamodel. To pick the model to work with, choose from the Model dropdown in the editor toolbar

Add a New Model

This operation requires a model regeneration

To add a new disease/population model to an existing metamodel, click the Add Model button in the Visual Editor toolbar.

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This will launch the Add Model wizard. For help with the Add Model wizard, see this section.

After completing this step, be sure to re-run the Model Generator.

Change Model Parameters

This operation requires a model regeneration

This feature is a work in progress and is subject to UI changes

Once a computational model is created, users can edit a model's parameters. This includes adding new parameters plus editing and removing existing parameters.

Important: if you edit or remove a parameter, be sure to update all references to that parameter from your transition expressions. The model editor currently does not support this automatically.

This will launch the Edit Model dialog. For help editing Model Parameters, see the Configure Model Parameters section.

When finished, click OK to apply your changes or Cancel to discard changes.

After completing this operation, be sure to re-run the Model Generator.

Remove a Model

Currently not supported

Working with Compartments

Add a Compartment

Changes during this operation require a model regeneration

To add a new compartment to a model, click the Add Compartment button in the toolbar

This will launch the add compartment dialog. Enter a Name and select a Compartment Type

When finished, click OK . To discard your changes, click Cancel

After completing this operation, be sure to re-run the Model Generator

Edit a Compartment

This operation requires a model regeneration

You can only edit compartments that owned by the current model. Inherited compartments are indicated with a lock icon in the box

To edit an existing compartment contained in a model, select the Chooser tool in the Toolbar

Select the compartment to edit and double click. This will open the Edit Compartment dialog

When finished, click OK . To discard your changes, click Cancel

After completing this operation, be sure to re-run the Model Generator

Remove a Compartment

Currently not supported

Working with Transitions

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Create a New Transition between Two Compartments

This operation does NOT require a model regeneration

Transitions between compartments represent the movement of population from one state to another during a STEM simulation. Each transition is described by an expression - or equation - that describes the flow out of the source compartment and into the target compartment. For more information about the expressions, see the Expression Editor section.

Transitions can be drawn between the following source and target compartment type pairs:

• Standard Compartment to Standard Compartment
• Standard Compartment to Disease Deaths Compartment

To create a new transition, begin by selecting the Draw Transition tool from the toolbar

Select the source compartment by clicking once on the compartment (must be type Standard)

After the source is selected, move the mouse and click once on the target compartment

A transition should now be drawn that connects the compartments

You can now select the transition and edit the expression that describes the equation in the Expression Editor.

Remove a Transition

This operation does NOT require a model regeneration

To remove a transition, select the Chooser tool in the toolbar

Select the transition you want to remove. Right click on the transition and select Delete

Edit Expressions

See main article: STEM Expression Language

This operation does NOT require a model regeneration

The Expression Editor allows you to input the mathematical expressions that define the transitions between model compartments using the STEM Expression Language. For more information about the expression editor, see the Expression Editor article.

Model Regeneration

Certain operations that change the 'structure' of a computational model require a 'Model Regeneration'. This is a non-invasive operation that rebuilds several of the key Java files that make up a computational model project. It does not change the Java code associated with your expressions or change the project's metamodel in any way.

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Operations that require a regeneration are:

• Add a new model
• Add, edit, remove model parameters
• Add, edit, remove model compartments

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To run the model regenerator, follow these steps:

1. Open the project's metamodel in the Visual Editor
2. Make sure any changes are saved File, Save or Control-S (Command-S on Mac OS X)
3. Click the Model Generator icon in the Visual Editor toolbar
4. When the Model Generator wizard opens, immediately click Finish
5. Wait while the model generator runs. This step may take a minute to complete
6. When the Model Generator closes, you're ready to begin using your model in STEM